MLA and Chicago have formats for giving citations in both your footnotes and endnotes or in your text as an in-line citation. In-line citations are mostly used in social sciences and hard sciences, while the long form is sometimes called “humanities style” because it shows up so much in those fields.
In-line citations, on the other hand, typically take an author-date form and appear in-line in your sentence, like this (Adichie 2021). Notes are typically a longer form that appears at the bottom of the page as numbered footnotes or at the end of the document as numbered endnotes. (Your document should also have a Reference List, Bibliography, or Works Cited in the back and the format you use is different in that section, but I’m going to give examples of those below too.) In the part of the document with your writing, you need to choose between using two styles: (1) footnotes or endnotes (aka “notes”) or (2) in-line text citations. I’m going to cover these examples in three styles in this article: MLA, APA, and Chicago 16th.īroadly speaking, you can cite a source in one of two ways in the actual prose part of your document. Maybe you need to cite an electronic version of a book, an article, a newspaper article, or a conference talk that’s been published-these can all be in the form of a PDF. If you’re being graded, your grader will spot it and you’ll probably lose points.
Don’t mix styles either, that’s a big mistake. This makes things more complicated, because you have to choose one style only and be consistent with it in your bibliography, your footnotes or in-line notes, and wherever else you’re giving your reader your sources.
#HOW TO CITE AN ARTICLE CHICAGO FOOTNOTE HOW TO#
The world is full of different guides or rulebooks for how to cite sources for academic, legal, policy or other kinds of written work. If you’re citing an old source with a long title, include the full long title and be sure to include the year and the edition since people used to change the text a lot between editions. And many of these are available online, so you may be using PDFs of them. Older sources tend to have much longer titles, sometimes even a full paragraph long. This gets especially tough with older sources from before the 1930s. And you want to include just those necessary details, not more. Remember: what you’re always aiming to do is write the details of your source in such a way that anyone could find it if they wanted to read it too. They could be using a modified version of these citation styles, and, to be honest, you probably won’t win any arguments with them over how the citations should really be done. The main thing to remember though is: if the person you are turning your work into has told you how to cite something, follow their rules, even if they’re wrong by my standards. So, let’s begin by saying that you’re going to want to take a hot second to sit down and read through this list.
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